明仇英觀榜圖 卷
Viewing the Pass List
繪畫
User Guide
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CC BY 4.0
You are free to copy, modify, and redistribute this work for any purpose even commercially, all without asking permission, with giving appropriate credit using the format below.
Viewing the Pass List, The National Palace Museum, Taipei, CC BY 4.0 @ www.npm.gov.tw
| Object Number | 故畫001608N000000000 |
| Work number | 故畫00160800000 |
| Title |
明仇英觀榜圖 卷 Viewing the Pass List |
| Category | 繪畫 |
| Author | 仇英,Qiu Ying |
| Quantity | 一卷 |
| Location | Dimension(cm) |
|---|---|
| 本幅 | 34.4x638 |
| 隔水一 | 15.3 |
| 隔水二 | 15.5 |
| Materials Location | Material |
|---|---|
| 本幅 | 絹 |
| 題跋類別 | 作者 | 位置 | 款識 | 書體 | 全文 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 作者款識 | 仇英 印記 | 本幅 | 仇英實父製 | 楷書 | |||||
|
|||||||||
| Subjects Type | Subject(1st Layer) | Subject(2nd Layer) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主要主題 | 經史‧故事 | 觀榜圖 | |
| 次要主題 | 人物 | 官員（臣） | 文武 |
| 次要主題 | 人物 | 高士（士人、隱士） | 士人 |
| 次要主題 | 走獸 | 馬 | |
| 次要主題 | 走獸 | 象 | |
| 次要主題 | 建築 | 宮殿 | |
| 次要主題 | 樹木 | 楊柳 | |
| 其他主題 | 人物 | 百姓 | |
| 其他主題 | 人物 | 侍從（侍女、童僕） | 侍從、侍女、童僕、書僮 |
| 其他主題 | 人物 | 帝王 | |
| 其他主題 | 人物 | 軍士 | 兵將 |
| 其他主題 | 人物 | 蕃族 | |
| 其他主題 | 山水 | 奇石 | |
| 其他主題 | 山水 | 雲 | |
| 其他主題 | 花草 | 桃花 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 房舍 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 亭 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 城門 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 城牆 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 牌樓 | 佈告榜、牌樓 |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 華表 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 階梯 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 橋 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 欄杆 | |
| 其他主題 | 建築 | 籬笆、圍牆 | 圍牆 |
| 其他主題 | 翎毛 | 孔雀 | |
| 其他主題 | 器用 | 兵器 | 刀、斧、鉞、叉、盾、兵器架 |
| 其他主題 | 器用 | 儀仗（佛教寶蓋） | 儀仗、旌旗、幛扇、笏 |
| 其他主題 | 器用 | 樂器 | |
| 其他主題 | 樹木 | ||
| 其他主題 | 樹木 | 松 |
| Techniques | Detail |
|---|---|
| 人物衣紋描法(勻稱線條) | |
| 工筆 | |
| 界畫 | |
| 無皴 |
| Type | Reference |
|---|---|
| 內容簡介 | 仇英（約西元一四九四－一五五二年），江蘇太倉人。字實父，號十洲。工畫山水、人物，兼擅花鳥。 本幅舊題為仇英所作。明清時代之考試主要分三級，初級為院試，及格者通稱生員，亦稱秀才。二級為鄉試，中者為舉人，榜首稱解元。最高一級為會試，舉人均可參加，中者稱貢士，榜首稱會元。貢士得入殿廷由皇帝面試，殿試成績最高者為狀元，次名稱榜眼，三名稱探花。畫中觀榜人潮洶湧，高中者興奮地登馬而去，落榜首，則滿臉沮喪，由人攙扶，頹然而返。 |
| Description | Ch’iu Ying (style name Shih-fu, sobriquet Shih-chou) was a native of T’ai-ts’ang, Kiangsu province. He was skilled in painting landscapes and figures and also excelled in bird-and-flower painting. This painting was originally attributed to Ch’iu Ying. During the Ming and Ch’ing dynasties, there were three major examinations for civil service. The first examination took place on the prefectural level, and successful candidates became licentiates and attained a Bachelor’s degree (hsiu-ts’ai). The Provincial Examination was the next level, and those who were successful at the examinations were called "Provincial Graduates" (chu-jen). The number one candidate was called Provincial Graduate with the Highest Honors (chieh-yuan). The highest examination was that on the Metropolitan level. All provincial graduates were allowed to sit for the Metropolitan Examination. Those who were succesful were called "Nominees for Office" (kung-shih), and the top candidate was called "Principal Graduate" (hui-yuan). Nominees for Office were appointed after an interview with the emperor and successful completion of the Palace Examination (tien-shih). The top candidate of the Palace Examination was celled "Principle Graduate of the Palace Examinations" (chuang-yuan); the second-place candidate was called the "Second Graduate" (pang-yen); the third-place candidate was called "Third Graduate" (t’an-hua). In this handscroll, a sea of people crowd together to find out the results of the examinations. Those who were successful excitedly mount horses and leave triumphantly. The unsuccessful candidates, however, look extremely disappointed, lean on friends, and dejectedly turn homeward. |
| 參考書目 | 許文美、劉芳如，〈明仇英觀榜圖 卷〉，收入《明四大家特展-仇英》（臺北：國立故宮博物院，2014.10），頁244-253、277、339。 |
| 收藏著錄 | 故宮書畫錄（卷八），第四冊，頁43 |
| 收藏著錄 | 故宮書畫圖錄，第十八冊，頁441-445 |