參考資料 |
【類別】 |
【參考資料】 |
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收藏著錄 |
故宮書畫錄(卷二),第一冊,頁9-10
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研究性論著 |
宋仁宗慶曆五年(1045)歐陽修(1007--1072)上疏論朋黨,為范仲淹(989--1052)辯護,被人誣陷,貶謫為滁州(現在的安徽滁縣)知州。為排遣心中的鬱悶,常到滁州西南的琅琊山漫遊,山僧特地修築一亭,供他飲酒小憩。此後歐陽修與友人常來此遊玩,飲酒賦詩,命名為「醉翁亭」,於慶曆六年撰〈醉翁亭記〉。文章先介紹醉翁亭的地理位置,四周的景觀,描寫山裡早晚的景色和季節的變化,然後敘述滁州人遊山的情形,及歐陽修與友人們宴樂的情形。最後藉著禽鳥、山林與客人的快樂,抒發愉悅滿足的心情。
這篇文章與范仲淹的〈岳陽樓記〉寫於同一年,同樣是觸景生情,范仲淹以「先憂後樂」為主旨,歐陽修則是暫且拋開國家大事,悠遊於山水之樂中,可以看出北宋士大夫面臨失意挫折時,各有不同的自處之道。
文徵明(1470--1559)以精秀的小楷書此記,時八十二歲(1551),但用筆穩健精整,一點也看不出年歲的影響。書後有長跋,談到當時書法上的體驗與寫〈醉翁亭記〉的原由。他說近幾個月來,專心展玩〈黃庭經〉初拓本,感覺此帖有「冰姿玉質,宛如飛天仙人,又如臨波仙子」的氣質,逐漸體會到王羲之運筆的方法與精神,可是「擬之終日,不成一字」。一日檢讀歐陽修文集,對於歐陽修文筆的婉逸流媚十分欣賞,想到歐陽修少年時,得到韓愈的遺稿,因而苦心鑽研,終於以文章名天下。受到這樣的啟發,遂倣王羲之法完成這件精心之作。
細看之下,文徵明這件書蹟雖然說是要學〈黃庭經〉筆法,卻顯露出歐陽詢(557--641)那種結體嚴密,筆畫勁健的風格。〈黃庭經〉是魏晉時,流傳於道士之間,論養生之道的經文。內容有兩種,一般以外景經和內景經別之。傳世刻本有「永和十二年山陰縣寫」者,為黃庭外景經,相傳是王羲之所書。從南朝梁代以來,這件書蹟經常在書法文獻中提到,明代中葉書家對臨習此經特別有興趣。〈黃庭經〉刻本有不同系統,以書風論,可歸為歐陽詢、虞世南和褚遂良臨本。歐臨本如〈越州石氏本〉,文徵明父子所刻的〈停雲館帖〉兩本中的第二本(不全本),即是根據〈越州石氏本〉翻刻的。 由此可以看出,文徵明是透過歐陽詢再追溯王羲之的筆法。
十六世紀初正德中期,蘇州前輩書畫家逐漸凋零,文徵明繼起,成為藝壇的領袖,嘉靖六年(1527)辭去四年短暫而不如意的公職,從北京回到蘇州,從此專心於藝事,到晚年時無論書法與繪畫都達到極高的造詣,在寫這件〈醉翁亭記〉時,心情大概也和所景仰的歐陽修一樣,寄以無盡的喜樂。(何傳馨)
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內容簡介(中文) |
文徵明(西元一四七○-一五五九年),是十六世紀明代中葉蘇州畫壇具有重要影響力的藝術家。在鑑賞與臨習古代書蹟上,他下了許多工夫,並從其中獲得新的創作力量。這幅八十二歲(一五五一)的小楷書後有長跋,談到當時書法上的體驗與書歐陽修「醉翁亭記」的原由。歐陽修從韓愈的文章得到啟發,文徵明也希望從鑽研王羲之的書蹟中,追求如不食人間煙火的仙人一般,冰清玉骨的質感。
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內容簡介(英文) |
Wen Cheng-ming was a very influential artist in Soochow art circles during the 16th century in the middle of the Ming dynasty.
Wen delved into the connoisseurship and copying of ancient works of calligraphy, from which he received inspiration. In this long colophon done in small standard script in 1551 at the age of 81, Wen discusses his experiences in calligraphy resulting from his transcription of Ou-yang Hsiu's (1007-1072) Record on the Pavilion of the Old Drunk. Ou-yang Hsiu in turn had been inspired by Han Yu's essay. Wen Cheng-ming also hoped that, in his diligent study and pursuit of Wang Hsi-chih's calligraphy, his style would also achieve an air of elegant simplicity both pure and noble.
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內容簡介(中文) |
文徵明(西元一四七0-一五五九年),江蘇長洲(今江蘇蘇州)人。初名壁,字徵明,後以字行。亦字徵仲,號停雲生、山居士。詩文書畫並佳,畫師沈周,為明四大家之一。
文徵明兼善各種書體,尤以小楷及行書最具個人特色。小楷師承二王,尤其是「黃庭經」、「樂毅論」。本幅為文氏八十二歲所書的「醉翁亭記」,結體穩當,用筆精妙,是其傳世小楷之極品。
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內容簡介(英文) |
Wen Cheng-ming, a native of Soochow, was gifted at all the scholarly arts of poetry, prose, calligraphy and painting. A student of Shen Chou, he became one of the Four Great Masters of the Ming.
Wen was gifted at all script types of calligraphy, but small standard and running script best exemplify his personal style. In small standard script, he followed after the Two Wangs, especially the Huang-t'ing Classic and Yueh-i Discussion. This work was done at the age of 81. The characters are stable and the use the brush is superb, making it a masterpiece of small standard script by him, despite the age at which he did it.
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參考書目 |
1.江兆申,〈文徵明小楷醉翁亭記 軸〉,收入國立故宮博物院編,《吳派畫九十年展》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1975年初版,1976年再版,1981年三版),頁316。
2.何傳馨,〈明文徵明醉翁亭記〉,收入何傳馨編,《書法之美特展圖錄》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,1992年五月初版一刷),頁89。
3.陳韻如,〈明文徵明書醉翁亭記〉,收入蔡玫芬主編,《精彩一百 國寶總動員》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,2011年九月初版一刷),頁232。
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內容簡介(中文) |
文徵明(1470-1559),長洲(今江蘇蘇州)人。本名璧,字徵明,後以字行。亦字徵仲,號停雲生、衡山居士。詩文、書畫並佳。兼善各種書體,尤以小楷及行書最具個人特色。
本幅為文氏八十二歲所書,以極精秀的小楷抄錄歐陽修的〈醉翁亭記〉,並在抄錄原文後,以長跋敘明他仿王羲之風格作此小楷的箇中原委。此作用筆多偏鋒,鋒芒外顯,但結體緊密,用筆穩健精整,是其傳世小楷之極品。
(20110913)
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內容簡介(英文) |
Wen Zhengming (originally name Bi; style names Zhengming [by which he later went] and Zhengzhong; sobriquet Hengshan jushi) was a native of Changzhou (modern Suzhou, Jiangsu). Gifted at poetry and prose as well as painting and calligraphy, including various script types, he especially excelled at small regular and running script, which most reflected his personal style.
This work, done by Wen at the age of 82 by Chinese reckoning, uses extremely refined and beautiful small regular script to transcribe Ouyang Xiu’s “Record on the Pavilion of the Old Drunk.” After transcribing the text, Wen also added a long colophon describing why he did this work in small regular script imitating Wang Xizhi’s style. Many of the strokes here were done with a slanted brush exposing its sharp tip. The character forms, nonetheless, are dense and the brushwork steady and refined, making this a masterpiece of Wen’s surviving small regular script.
(20110913)
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網頁展示說明 |
文徵明(1470-1559),長洲(今江蘇蘇州)人。本名璧,字徵明,後以字行。亦字徵仲,號停雲生、衡山居士。詩文、書畫並佳。兼善各種書體,尤以小楷及行書最具個人特色。
本幅為文氏八十二歲所書,以極精秀的小楷抄錄歐陽修的〈醉翁亭記〉,並在抄錄原文後,以長跋敘明他仿王羲之風格作此小楷的箇中原委。此作用筆多偏鋒,鋒芒外顯,但結體緊密,用筆穩健精整,是其傳世小楷之極品。
(20110913)
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參考書目 |
吳誦芬、童文娥、譚怡令,〈明文徵明書醉翁亭記 軸〉,收入《明四大家特展-文徵明》(臺北:國立故宮博物院,2014.03),頁200-201、335-336。
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