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【類別】 |
【參考資料】 |
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收藏著錄 |
石渠寶笈初編（御書房），下冊，頁1124
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收藏著錄 |
故宮書畫錄（卷五），第三冊，頁329
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收藏著錄 |
故宮書畫圖錄，第六冊，頁239-240
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研究性論著 |
本圖畫園中白菜一棵。菜梗以淡筆線條勾畫，填以淡墨; 菜葉用濃淡不一的墨色作葉齒相鄰﹐間勾脈筋; 土坡則以渴筆淡墨約略擦染，襯以苔草。畫面簡潔質樸，筆法沈著凝練而體物精嚴，墨色潤朗醇厚而通體渾然，全幅筆意墨趣，躍然紙上。
沈周(1427—1509)為蘇州吳派領袖，兼擅詩文書畫。幅上款題:「南國昨夜雨，肥勝大官羊。党氏銷金帳，何曾得一嘗。」書體學自黃庭堅，筆法沈著穩健，體勢挺拔，詩內容引用「党家風流」一事，言宋人陶穀(903—970)有妾，原本為太尉党進之家姬。一日遇雪，穀取雪水烹團茶，顧妾曰:党家有此景否。其妾云:彼粗人安識此景，但能於銷金帳下，淺斟低唱，飲羔羊美酒耳。穀，默然大慚。【注1】沈詩寓意淡泊自甘，不惑於奢華富貴。
沈周在蔬果中，加強詩情畫意並寄情寓性，其神化移情之筆，可謂盡得象外之意，遂成沈周詩畫合一的典型佳作。此畫取材雖簡樸平易，卻符合作者「藏至真於淡薄，安貧賤於久長」【注2】的文人旨趣，經由題跋的陳述，意義顯得更為深遠。沈周的水墨寫意蔬果，院藏另有《寫生冊》，皆用意甚精而筆墨不拘小謹。沈氏此類體裁風貌，可能脫胎於南宋牧谿法常一派，【注3】並傳承元人張中(14 世紀人)墨筆花鳥手筆，【注4】但已改變了宋、元人那種工整寫實暈染的畫法，又能自出新意，筆墨已在欲放未放之間，開啟了文人作品以蔬果入畫的風潮。此意念後經陳淳(1483—1544)的發揚光大，開啟了徐渭(1521—1593)的潑墨寫意，再經清代八大山人(1626—1705以後)、揚州八怪等的承續發揚，至今不衰。(陳階晉)
【注1】 此事見載於宋．蘇軾撰《東坡全集》卷 28，「趙成伯家有姝麗……謹依元韻以當一笑」詩之傍注。《景印文淵閣四庫全書》第 1107冊， (台北:台灣商務印書館、1983)頁412。
【注2】 明．沈周撰《石田先生集》中，有"菜贊"一文謂：「天茁此徒，多取而吾廉不傷。士知此味，多食而吾慾不荒。藏至真於淡薄，安貧賤於久長。後畦初雨，南園未霜。朝盤一筋，齒頰生香。先生飽矣，其樂洋洋。」(台北:國立中央圖書館編印、1968)頁 860。此正可謂觀菜生而知世情，品甘淡而悟人生。
【注3】 南宋．牧谿法常繪有《寫生蔬果圖卷》(北京故宮藏本)，卷上有沈周跋文:「余始工山水，間喜作花果草蟲 ……近見牧谿漢一卷于匏庵吳公家 ……不施彩色，任意潑墨瀋儼然若生，……」。參見，天秀，〈南宋牧溪寫生蔬果圖卷〉，《文物》1964 年第三期，頁 36、37。 此畫雖未必法常真蹟，當為其流派門風；而沈氏跋書應是無誤。
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參考書目 |
1.江兆申，〈沈周蔬菜 軸〉，收入國立故宮博物院編，《吳派畫九十年展》（臺北：國立故宮博物院，1975年初版，1976年再版，1981年三版），頁299。
2.〈明沈周蔬菜 軸〉，收入譚怡令、劉芳如、林莉娜主編，《滿庭芳-歷代花卉名品特展》（臺北：國立故宮博物院，2010年十二月初版一刷），頁92-93。
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內容簡介（中文） |
芥菜一株，菜薹高立，不署年款，約在六十六、七歲間。
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內容簡介（英文） |
1492-1493 Shen Chou Vegetables This painting represents a sprig of mustard-greens and a tall rapeweed. It is not dated but must have been painted around 1492-1493.
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內容簡介（中文） |
沈周（西元一四二七至一五○九年），字啟南，號石田，又稱白石翁，江蘇長洲人。為人寬厚有大度。能詩文，工書法，又善畫。山水、花卉、禽獸、人物，樣樣俱能。後人將周氏與文徵明、唐寅、仇英尊為「明四大家」。 芥菜一株，筆法鈍勁，用墨厚潤。畫未署年款，約為沈氏六十六、七歲間之作。
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內容簡介（英文） |
Shen Chou, tzu (style name) Ch’i-nan, hao (sobriquet) Shih-t’ien and Pai-shih-weng, was a native of Ch’ang-chou in Kiangsu province; he was widely known and admired among his contemporaries for the kindness and generosity he showed his fellow men. Shen Chou was a true literatus, skilled in poetry and other literary genre as well as in painting and calligraphy. He is best known for his depictions of landscapes, flowers, figures, birds, and other small animals. He is considered one of the “Four Masters of the Ming dynasty,” along with Wen Cheng-ming, T’ang Yin, and Ch’iu Ying. This painting represents a sprig of mustard-greens with a tall, blossoming stem. The forceful brushwork and the superb control exercised in the application of the rich ink reveal the consummate skill of the artist. Although the painting is not dated, it must have been done in 1492 or 1493 when Shen Chou was 66 to 67 years old.
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內容簡介（中文） |
沈周（1427-1509），字啟南，號石田、白石翁。江蘇長洲（今吳縣）人。詩文書畫俱佳，善山水，兼工花果、翎毛，筆墨帶有拙趣。
本幅屬小景式構圖，近畫園中白菜一棵，菜梗以淡墨鉤染，花、葉和筋脈則濃淡墨相參。乾筆擦染土坡，襯以深淺苔草。全幅簡潔質樸，墨色渾然一體，筆法沈練，在欲放未放之間，開潑墨寫意的先河。上方自題所佔面積與景物幾相當，書風源自黃庭堅（1045-1105），沈穩挺拔，為沈周詩書畫合一的佳作之一。(20110102)
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內容簡介（英文） |
Shen Zhou (style name Qi’nan; sobriquets Shitian and Baishiweng) was a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu (modern Wuxian). Gifted at poetry, calligraphy, and painting, in the latter he excelled at landscapes and also could do flowers, fruits and vegetables, and animals, his brush and ink having a simple and straightforward manner.
This painting takes the form of an “intimate scenery” composition with a single bokchoy plant shown in a garden setting. The stalk of the vegetable was rendered with light outlines and washes; the flower, leaves, and veins were done with complementary washes of light and dark ink. A brush with dry ink was used to texture the slope, highlighted with moss dots and grass in light and dark ink. The entire work is succinct and unadorned, the tones of ink integrated into a coherent whole. The brushwork is practiced and mature, lying between restrained and unrestrained, at the fountainhead of the “splashed ink” and “sketching ideas” methods. The artist’s inscription at the top takes up a large portion of the composition and complements the painting. The calligraphic style, deriving from that of Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), is steady and upright, making this a fine work combining Shen Zhou’s arts of poetry, calligraphy, and painting.(20110102)
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參考書目 |
何炎泉、陳階晉、陳韻如，〈明沈周蔬菜 軸〉，收入《明四大家特展-沈周》（臺北：國立故宮博物院，2014.01），頁132-133、319-320。
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